Deep Dive into Evangelical Commentary on the Bible by Royce Gordon Gruenler - Romans Introduction

Paul’s letter to the Romans functions simultaneously as a systematic theological treatise and a practical, occasional letter, designed to address specific conflicts and advance Paul’s global missionary agenda. He composed this sustained theological work in Corinth, likely around A.D. 55, while preparing to sail for Jerusalem. The letter’s composition is confirmed by references to associated figures like Erastus, the city’s director of public works, and Phoebe of Cenchrea, Corinth's port.

The primary motivation for writing was the pervasive tension, friction, and lack of mutual respect between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians in Rome. Paul sought to reconcile these factions, which were characterized by judgmental Jewish pride and the equally unacceptable arrogance of Gentile Christians, especially following the return of Jewish believers who had been expelled by Emperor Claudius around A.D. 49.

Paul addresses this disunity by employing a "theology of leveling," demonstrating that all—Jew and Gentile alike—are accountable to God, and that salvation by grace through faith means "there is no difference." This theological argument lays the foundation for unity, calling both groups to descend to humility and harmony.

Furthermore, the letter serves Paul’s three-part missionary agenda: first, traveling east to Jerusalem to deliver a collected love offering to suffering Jewish Christians; second, visiting Rome to fellowship with the believers; and third, enlisting the Roman church’s support to "speed him on to new missionary fields in Spain."

The entire framework for unity is rooted in the theme of servanthood, which is the central motivation for action. Paul holds up Christ as the example, who "did not please himself" but became a servant to redeem both Jew and Gentile. This example transitions the letter from abstract doctrine (chapters 1–11) to concrete application, urging the Romans to become faithful servants in action by pursuing peace, practicing hospitality, and striving together to fulfill the mission of evangelizing the world.

Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologian

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